W. somnifera (L.) Dunal. (Solanaceae), highly valued and one
of the most extensively used herbal tonic, health food in Ayurvedas and
considered as "Indian Ginseng". The objective of the present study
was to investigate the cytomorphological variations of germplasm from different
study areas and also to find out the chemical characterization among the
selected morphotypes. Out of all these collected germplasms, two cytotypes and
two morphotypes were studied. Among
these two cytotypes diploid (2n=24) and tetraploid (2n=48), the tetraploid cytotype
showed highly abnormal microsporogenesis le. (Cytomixis, Bridges and Laggards).
On the other hand in the diploid (2n=24) cytotype, the detailed meiotic course
is normal with equal distribution of chromosomes at A-1, normal microsporogenesis
with high pollen fertility.
Along with these, two morphotypes were also identified within
the tetraploid cytotype. The major chemical constituents reported from this
plant are with anolides in which with aferin A and with anolide A are most
important for polyherbal formulations. Thus to check the quantity of these two
chemical constituents, a simple, sensitive, and accurate high performance thin
layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for the estimation of
withaferin A and withanolide A in
different plant parts such as leaf, root, stem and fruit of these two
morphotypes I and II. The better resolution was achieved by using mobile phase
Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5:5:1).
Generally roots are considered to be enriched with bioactive
with anolides. In the present study, the maximum contents of withafer in A and
with anolide A were observed in leaves which are remarkable source. The present
work is an attempt to establish a link between cytomorphological variabilities and chemical characterization
and to find out the best genotype for the society to fulfill the requirement of
the polyherbal formulations of Ashwagandha in India and abroad.
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