This investigation was carried out to study the gene action under salinity soil and water on plant height, number of tillers/plants, stem diameter, 100-grain weight, and grain yield/plant, at experimental farm faculty of Agriculture, south valley university, Qena, Egypt during the two winter seasons (2018-2019). The results showed that the mean squares of 36 genotypes were highly significant for all studied traits, reflecting a great wide genetic variability among them. The mean sum of squares due to the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for all studied traits. The additive genetic variance (σ2A), which were higher than those of non-additive (σ2D) ones for plant height, stem diameter and 100-grain weight. The values of heritability in broad senses (h2b. s %) and narrow senses (h2n. s%) were estimated for all studied. The results exhibited that genotypic correlation for plant height was highly significant with number of tillers/plants, stem diameter, and grain yield/plant with the values of (0.40, 0.33 and 0.33) respectively, under salinity condition. However, genotypic correlation for stem diameter was positive and highly significant with 100-grain weight with the value of (0.48) under salinity condition. Additionally, the genotypic and phenotypic correlations were positive and highly significant between number of tillers/plants with grain yield/plant with the values of (0.37) and (0.43). Finally, it could be concluded that the additive gene action played a major role in controlling of most traits studied.
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Keywords: Combining ability, heritability, salinity tolerance, stem diameter, wheat
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