The paper presents a brief account of insect-fern
interactions in Pyrrosia adnascens for the first time. The morphology of moth’s
larvae and its faecal pellets are also discussed.
Friday, 31 January 2020
Wednesday, 29 January 2020
ELICITOR INDUCED EXPRESSION OF β-1,3 GLUCANASE AND CHITINASE GENES IN VIGNA RADIATE (L.) WILCZEK
The Cercospora elicitor induced activity of chitinases and
β-1,3 glucanase was analyzed in seven cultivars of Vigna radiata differing in
their resistant status. The hydrolases i.e. chitinases and β -1,3-glucanases
were found to be induced in all seedling parts and calli. The activities of
these enzymes were higher in resistant cultivars. The maximum activity of
glucanase and chitinase was observed in cotyledons. The induced activity of
these enzymes was found to be associated with resistant status of mungbean
cultivars.
Tuesday, 28 January 2020
KARYOTYPES OF SOME COMPOSITAE
Karyotypic studies have been made on 21 wild species of
Compositae from North and Central India. Chromosome morphology of most of these
species was unknown previously.
Parameters for karyotypic comparison include chromosome size, haploid
length, symmetry and gradient indices, and type of karyotypic symmetry.
Depending upon the size of chromosome and position of primary constriction,
karyotypic formulae are worked out for all these taxa. Chromosomes are mostly
medium sized. Karyotypic symmetry of 2A and 2B types are the most Common.
Highly assymetrical karyotype of 4A type is represented in Pterotheca falconeri
with all the three pairs of chromosomes being acrocentric. Role of chromosomal
rearrangements in the evolution of the family is evident.
Monday, 27 January 2020
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY OF MUSA SPECIES FROM NORTH-EASTERN INDIA BY INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER 2 OF NUCLEAR DNA
The internal transcribed spacer region of the
ribosomal RNA gene cluster in the nuclear DNA has been used as one of the most
informative molecular markers for identification and phylogenetic analysis of
fungi and plants in the last three decades. The aim of the present study was to
evaluate the application of ITS2 locus of rRNA region in nuclear DNA as
molecular marker in the identification and molecular phylogeny of 15 Musa
specimens (Musaceae) in North-Eastern India. The sequence characteristic of the
ITS2 locus revealed a length variation from a minimum of 210 bp in Musa mannii
to a maximum of 223 bp in M. balbisianawith an average of 214 bp. The GC
contents of the ITS2 locus also varied from a minimum of 64.95% in M. markkui
to 70.97% in M. balbisiana with an average of 69.01%. Sequence homology
analysis of the ITS2 regions revealed sequence similarity from a minimum of 90%
for M. markkui followed by 97% for M. acuminata and 98% for M. nagensium while
the remaining species showed 99% to 100% similar sequence identities in public
database. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS2 sequence revealed a
monophyletic origin of all taxa under different genera of the family Musaceae.
The clade I comprising of 4 representative taxa of the section Callimusa
(Australimusa, Callimusa and Ingentimusa) found only in few Southeast Asian
countries and Australia were clearly separated from clade II which consists of
21 taxa of the section Musa(Eumusa and Rhodochlamys) including the 15 taxa from
North-Eastern India. The clade II was further separated into two sub-clades, M.
balbisiana group in clade IIa and M. acuminata and Rhodochlamys group in clade
IIb. A new taxon with poorly described genetic and molecular characteristics,
M. puspanjaliae was found to show an independent lineage of evolution within
the sub-clade IIb suggesting closer genetic similarity with M. acuminata as compared
to the M. balbisiana. Low bootstrap values (<50%) were observed in several
branches of the phylogenetic tree of Musaceae reconstructed based on ITS2
sequences except in case of clade I (96%) and few sub-clades (51% to 98%).
Therefore, it is concluded that ITS2 locus can be employed as one of the
potential molecular marker for the identification of Musa specimens but
inferences of phylogenetic tree based on ITS2 sequence are poorly supported as
revealed by low bootstrap values.
See more details : - www.globalpresshub.com
Friday, 24 January 2020
NOVELTIES IN CONVOLVULACEAE TO THE FLORA OF ALLAHABAD DISTRICT (UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA)
Floristic exploration for the family Convolvulaceae in Upper
Gangetic Plains of India resulted in the addition of five species (Cuscuta
campestris Yunck., Ipomoea quamoclit L., Ipomoea triloba L., Ipomoea
capitellata Choisy var. multilobata Bhellum and Ipomoea laxiflora Chowdhery and
Debta) to the flora of Allahabad district. The details including photographs,
scientific names, vernacular names, distinguishing characters, associated
plants, phenology, habitat, locality of collection, field number are mentioned
in the present paper.
MICROALGAE DERIVED BIOFUEL AS A PROSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
India is a large country with diverse landscape and abundant
bio-resources. The growing demand for petroleum-based fuels associated with its
growing economic status and the ever increasing population presents a great
challenge to the energy security of a nation. Hence, alternative fuel resources
and processes are becoming essentially impellent. With considerable sunshine,
generally warm climate, sources of CO2 and other nutrients,
low-quality water, and marginal lands, India has very favorable conditions to
support algae farming for biofuels production. Sustainable algae biofuels
production implies that this technology would not put additional demand on
freshwater supplies and use low-quality water such as brackish/saline
groundwater, recycled water, agricultural drainage waters and other
wastewaters. The present article provides an understanding of this magnificent
resource and its potential in India, for production of biofuels that promotes a
sustainable system based technology as one of the best alternatives to overcome
the looming energy crisis.
Wednesday, 22 January 2020
WATER STRESS EFFECT ON PHYSIOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND THE YIELD OF FIVE SUNFLOWER CULTIVARS (Helianthus annuus L.) GROWN UNDER GREENHOUSE
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the world’s major oilseeds species
however, it faces the problem of summer drought which coincides with the end of
its cycle inducing yield decrease. The aim of this study is to identify
morpho-physiological traits that can be used as selection criteria in
hybridization programs for stress tolerance. In this context, a greenhouse
essay has been carried out using five oleic sunflower genotypes arranged in a
randomized complete block design with two water regimes; water regime 2:100% of
field capacity and water regime 1:30% of field capacity. The obtained results
show that water stress affects many measured parameters such as relative water
content, stomatal conductance, stem diameter and yield components (seed number
per head and 100-seed weigh). Genotype effect was significant for stomatal
conductance, number of leaves per plant and yield components. However, the
effect of the genotype x water regime interaction was significant only for the
number of leaves per plant, yield and seed number per head.
SEXTUAL DIMORPHISM IN Gloydius halys (VIPERIDAE: CORTALINAE) OF CENTRAL ALBORZ MOUNTAINS OF IRAN
We described the taxonomic relationship of pitvipers
population of Central Alborz mountains of Iran. The morphological data on
Gloydius halys snakes; 8 female and 11 male snake from three Lar, Taleghan and
Gachsar regions of Central Alborz Mountains Iran, showed sexual dimorphism. The
results of independent samples test showed that body length (SVL) in male was
48 ±10 cm that was more than SVL in female, 43 ± 6 cm (P≤0.05), head length
(HL) in male was 2.2 ± 0.3 cm and more than females, 1.9±0.2 cm at P=0.01. The
mean height of the head (HH) was 0.95 ± 0.04 cm and more than 0.52 ± 0.70 cm,
respectively (P = 0.04). The size of the Sq front in male snakes was 22.6 ± 0.8
and 21.7 ± 0.7 in female (P = 0.02), Ciruocular right in male was 5.6 ± 0.5 and
in female snake 5.13 ± 0.3 (P = 0.02), the size of the CG trait for male and
female was respectively 9.6 ± 0.8 and 11.1 ± 0.8 at P = 0.007, the size of the
ventral scales number for males was 153.7 ± 4.2 and for females 148 ± 5.9, P =
0.03, and the subcaudal for male was
37.18 ± 1.5 and females 32.7±1.9, (P≤0.05). Also, in the multivariate analysis
of the main components, the separation of male and female samples is evident.
In the geographical variation, there was a significant difference in the seven
characters between different populations, and in the hierarchical clustering
analysis, the separation of three populations of Lar, Taleghan and Gachsar was observed.
Result reveals the geographical differences in Gloydius halys of Central Alborz mountains of Iran and tow
populations from Lar and Takht –E-Solyman have close relations and somehow
distinct from halys of Gachsar population and dimorphism was observed in female
and male of all three populations.
Tuesday, 21 January 2020
EVALUATION OF ANTI-UROPATHOGENIC BACTERIA ACTIVITY OF ALGERIAN HONEY
The study investigated the antibacterial effect of honey
against uropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples (Escherichia
coli, Morganella morgani, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia
fonticola, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A total of four
natural Algerian honeys (NAHs) were investigated for their antibacterial
activity against some uropathogenic isolates. They were analyzed for their
color, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Two
different assays were performed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the
NAH samples: agar-well diffusion and disc diffusion methods. Undiluted and
two-fold serial dilutions of NAH (50, 25 and 12.5%) were tested to determine
zone of inhibition diameters (ZID). Antibiotic susceptibility profiling were
performed according to CA-SFM (Antibiogram committee of French society of
microbiology). Results showed that TPC values ranged from 0.682 mg GAE/g for
NAH1to 0.510 mg GAE/g for NAH2. TFC ranged from 0.166 mg QE/g (NAH1) to 0.102
mg QE/g (NAH4).The color intensity of the honey samples ranged from 1.10±0.11
to 1.44±0.03 mAU. The diameter of ZDI ranged from 7.5 to 13 mm for Escherichia
coli, 8–13 mm for Morganella morgani, 6.8-13.40 mm for Klebsiella pneumoniae,
8-13.4 mm for Enterobacter cloacae, 8-13.5 mm for Serratia fonticola, 7.4-14.5
mm for Proteus mirabilis and 7.6-13.2 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest
activity was induced by NAH3, followed by NAH1, NAH4, and NAH2. The clinical
isolates of enterobacteriaceae had a higher resistance profile than other
Gram-negative bacteria for most commonly prescribed antibiotics. The overall
results of this study indicated that Algerian honey could be used to treat
urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by the tested bacteria.
Friday, 17 January 2020
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF Alternaria ISOLATES IN PAKISTAN
Total genomic DNA of all isolates of Alternaria was isolated
by CTAB method and molecular characterization by ITS sequence. The genetic
identification of different isolates of Alternaria was confirmed by the DNA
sequence analysis, a rapid mean of identification. Sequence similarities were
determined by molecular method using DNA and ITS region. DNA analysis not only
enables the species identification but also permits phylogenetic analysis.
Internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region including 5.8S rRNA coding region in
ribosomal DNA is one of the favorite targets for this purpose. The ITS region
was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the universal
primers ITSl and ITS4. The focus of present study was on the genetic diversity
analysis of the ITS regions of rRNA gene complex of local isolates of
Alternaria in Pakistan. The genomic DNA of these isolates KI1, KI4, KI5, KI6,
KI, KI8, KI9, and KI10 was amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 designed at
the end, and start of conserved 18S and 28S region and between ITS1 and ITS4
respectively. By the comparison of isolates of all species have maximum genetic
diversity only KI7 and KI8 have maximum homology with each other that showed
that both are may be originated from same ancestor. Their phylogenetic
relationships in GenBank were analyzed. Morphological and molecular data
obtained might be useful in determining the taxonomy and diversity of
Alternaria species.
COMPARISON OF BIOCHEMICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN TWO DIFFERENT BREEDS OF HORSES (ARABIAN AND BARBE) IN ALGERIA
Specific reference values (in range) are needed for each
animal species for the appropriate interpretation of the results obtained from
serum biochemical and haematological
tests. The aim of this study was to determine ranges of Haematological
and Biochemical parameters of pure-bred Arabian and Barbe mares to evaluate the
need for defining reference values for different breed groups.
20 clinically healthy mares from one farm (Chaouchaoua
HARAS-Tiaret. Algeria) were divided into two groups. Groups 1 and 2 comprised
10 Arabian Mares and 10 Barbe Mares (age from 04 to 09 years). Glucose, urea,
albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Gamma Transferase (GT), Creatinine
phospho kinase (CPK), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K) concentrations were measured in the blood
serum samples.
Haematological profile were determined, red blood cell
parameters (MCV, MCH, MCHC), number of leucocytes and the percentage of their
respective platelets kinds, There were significant Breed related differences
for most of the biochemical and Haematological parameters, (Potassium)P=
0.006*,(urea)P= 0.000***, (GGT), (Albumin) P= 0.043*, P= 0.041*, except for:
AST, CPK, RBC, Hb, Fibrinogen.
The results of the present study indicate that there is
variation in the values of most of the biochemical and haematological indices
of Arabian and Barbe mares in Algeria. ((Haematocrit %) P= 0.031 * (VCM um3) P=
0.022 * (MCHC g/dl) P= 0.027 * Leucocytes P= 0.01 *(poly éosi mm3) P= 0.000***
(poly baso mm3 ) P= 0.037 *(Lympho mm3 ) P= 0.001 ** (Platelets M/mm3 ) P=
0.012 *.
The breed influences some of the resting haematological and
biochemical indices in adult Mares. Barbe Mares used for reproduction have
higher performances capacity and show a more beneficial adaptation for the
Algerian environment compared to Pure Arabian Mares used for reproduction.
Thursday, 16 January 2020
DNA PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION ACROSS DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHICS IN INDIAN POPULATION
Introduction:
Diagnosis has been the major aspects of liver-related infection, for providing
early advice to patients. Data about the hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level
among the Indian population were limited. Objectives: To the best of HBV
diagnosis, the present study was conducted to determine the virus DNA level and
the frequency of infection among the age group and genders in the Indian
region.
Methods: A
total of 926 suspected subjects, 520 (56.15%) male and 406 (43.84%) female,
from east (n = 370), north (n = 410), south (n = 45) and west (n = 101) of ages
between 6 and 75 years (mean age 39.65 ± 15.20 years) included in this study.
Viral DNAs were isolated from the plasma and performed with the artus® HBV RG
PCR assay for HBV specific target.
Results: HBV
DNA was identified in a total of 636/926 (68.68%) subjects; 367 (70.57%) male
and 269 (66.25%) female. Demographic data evaluation of viral infection among
genders within different regions and age groups indicated no significant
difference (P > 0.05). However, among females, HBV DNA infection rate &
viral load exhibited decreased proportion within the southern regions and age
group of 61-75 years (P < 0.05) compared to the male population.
Conclusions: HBV
DNA infection is highly endemic among the suspected Indian population. To
prevent the spread of HBV infection among Indians, it is encouraged with
diagnosis procedure in the DNA level.
Wednesday, 15 January 2020
Examining Causal Relationship between Saudi Stock Market (TASI) and US Stock Markets Indices
This study examines whether there is a causal relationship
between Saudi stock market and US stock markets indices, Saudi Arabia is America’s
leading trading partner in the world, The most commonly used indices US are Dow
Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500, the stated indices are taken for
study. There are several methods have been used to examine the existence of
relationship. However, the Johansen approach to integration is considered a
more reliable method than other conventional integration approaches, Johansen
approach is more robust and performs well for large sample size, the results
show that the null hypothesis of no relationship cannot be accepted. This
suggests the existence of a long-run relationship between SAUDI and US Stock
markets.
Saturday, 11 January 2020
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF CuO NPs USING GREEN SYNTHESIS AND ITS APPLICATION AS A SELECTIVE NON-ENZYMATIC GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR
Biosensors development has become very important by using NPs
showing enzyme mimic properties. In this study, it was aimed to synthesize CuO
nanoparticles (NPs) by green synthesis method and to use to determine the
amount of glucose in some food samples. CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by
using Fig (Ficus carica) fruits by green synthesis method and it was used to
determine the glucose amount in some food samples. The resulting CuO NPs were
characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM analyzes. From the results, it was
determined that the CuO NPs were symmetrical, spherical and in the range of
20-66 nm. Then, CuO NPs were used to detect glucose levels in different types
of foods samples as non-enzymatically. The high accuracy results were observed
with CuO NPs having enzyme mimic properties. In the new targeted method, the
glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme with CuO NPs mimicking peroxidase was used to
develop a spectrophotometric method for the determination of highly sensitive
and stable - enzymatic glucose in different foods. The developed method was
found to be highly linear in the 0.25-2 g/L glucose range. The optimum operating
parameters of the biosensor were, respectively, temperature, (40°C), pH (4.0)
and H2O2 concentration (12.5 mM). It was observed that
this method showed a high selectivity to glucose.
Friday, 10 January 2020
SOME ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON DISTRIBUTION OF BRYOPHYTES AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT, EASTERN GHATS OF INDIA
In the Evolutionary process, Bryophytes are transitional
flora between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Bryophytes which are commonly
known as amphibians of the plant kingdom receive little attention by the
scientific community than the other plant groups in the plant kingdom. This
investigation aims to deal with the distribution of Bryophytic flora in different
regions such as Ananthagiri hills near Aruku, Hukumpeta near Paderu and
Chintapalli near Narsipatnam of Visakhapatnam District. Environmental
parameters of the study sites were collected and a total of 12 species have
been reported from different study sites. Utilization of Bryophytes for various
applications also reported in this study. Common genera of this region are
Funaria, Marchantia, Polytrichum, Riccia and Spagnum. Effect of the climatic factors on frequency
and abundance of the Bryophytic flora was assessed.
Monday, 6 January 2020
INDUCTION OF CELL CYCLE ARREST AND APOPTOSIS BY A PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENES -RICH FRACTION FROM Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb. LEAVES IN U-251 GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS
Background:
Tabebuia genera had been reported several pharmacological activities. Cuba has
numerous endemic species in this genera, but only our group reported the
anti-inflammatory, in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative properties from the
specie Tabebuia hypoleuca (C. Wright) Urb. In vitro studies demonstrated that
786-0 (kidney), MCF-7 (breast) and glioma (U-251) were among the cancer cell
lines most sensitive to ethyl acetate extract of leaves treatment.
Purpose: The
aim of this study was to research the induction of cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis by a pentacyclic triterpenes -rich fraction from Tabebuia hypoleuca
leaves in U- 251 glioblastoma cells and identify the triterpene structures in
this fraction.
Methods: A
rich fraction of pentacyclic triterpenes were proceeded for the cell cycle
arrest and apoptosis on glioblastoma cells using Annexin V and flow cytometry.
The chemical composition was determinate by chromatography and spectroscopic
methods.
Results: Our results showed that a pentacyclic
triterpenes –rich fraction had the ability to cause cell arrest in G2/M phase
and induce apoptosis. The elucidation of the chemical compounds in this
fraction revealed a mixing of oleanolic, ursolic and betulinic acids. This
finding about chemical composition in the first report by the genera.
Conclusion:
Therefore, this study showed the presence of different pentacyclic triterpenes
in T. hypoleuca and it have promising anticancer activity against glioblastoma.
BIOLOGY OF OPHIOGLOSSUM L.
Ophioglossales are the natural group of early vascular plants
which exhibit the most simple and most complicated combinations of characters
comparable to bryophytes, pteridophytes, progymnosperms, gymnosperms and
angiosperms. Essentially, pteridophytes these plants are often referred and
classified as ferns. However, there are some fundamental differences which
should not justify their present alliance. The chief "genetic loss"
in plants of this group can be presumed to be the loss of capability of
producing sclerenchyma. Also, the sporangia are unlike ferns; they do not have
an annulus and are supplied with vascular tissue. Additionally, absence of
circinate vernation and presence of periderm (in about 22% of Ophioglossum
population) make them "unlike ferns".
The conventionally recognised three genera, Botrychium,
Helminthostachys and Ophioglossum constitute a single family Ophioglossaceae of
the order Ophioglossales. Nevertheless, intergeneric differences are so pronounced
that recognition of three separate families viz. Botrychiaceae,
Helminthostachyaceae and Ophioglossaceae by some taxonomists are quite
justified. Botrychium and Ophioglossum are further divided to have subgenera;
Botrychium has Sceptridium, Eubotrychium and Osmundopteris, while Ophioglossum
has two, viz. Ophioglossum and Ophioderma. Population cytogenetic studies have
been carried out chiefly from the localities where more than one species of
Ophiglossum grow. Repeated meiotic studies have also been carried out from
populations of single or isolated species of Ophioglossum and monotypic
Helminthostachys. Numerous teratologies of genetic importance have been
described. Role of natural selection is being assessed. Lately, a new specis O.
eliminatum is being suspected to have been arisen by natural hybridization and
chromosomal elimination. O. eliminatum has the lowest count no = 90 in the
genus.
Molecular genetic data generated in many laboratories have
proved that the genus Ophioglossum in particular, is highly suitable for
studies in evolutionary genetics and we can decipher highly complicated
evolutionary mechanisms of the entire group of plants. The cotwin control
approach on vegetatively reproducing plants connected with stolons until maturity
have opened up a new technique of experimental controls for certain sets of
experiments. In fact now we need to take use of all possible morphological,
biochemical and molecular genetic techniques to understand evolutionary
mechanisms.
Friday, 3 January 2020
MYCOFLORA ASSOCIATED WITH BAUHINIA PURPUREA LINN.
This paper gives an illustrated account of five fungal
species associated with the multipurpose tree Bauhinia purpurea Linn. based on
the collections made during the fungal forays conducted in different localities
of Punjab and Chandigarh. Of these, Scytinostroma parvisporum Boid, & Land.
is being reported for the first time from India while Lopharia fulva (Lev.)
Boid. and Polyporus grammocephalus Berk. are the new records for the study area.
PHENOLOGY, POLLINATION MECHANISM AND BREEDING SYSTEM IN BUTEA MONOSPERMA (LAM.) TAUB
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub., Dhak' a small to medium sized
deciduous tree, grows gregariously in tropical dry deciduous forests. Besides
providing a timber of commercial importance, its leaves are the good source of
fodder and are locally exploited for making 'plates' and 'donas'. The species
ranks next to ‘kusum' tree (Schleichera oleosa) as a host for the lac insect.
The species which is stable cytologically (2n = 2x = 18) exhibits variation in
floral colour as Indian orange, yellow and white. The cytology, phenology,
flowering pattern, pollination mechanism and breeding system of Indian orange
floral morph is studied presently.
The species remains in deciduous phase for about 45d during
April-May and the flowers appear during leaf fall and deciduous phase. The
trees reach in full bloom during March-April, The zygomorphic and
papilionaceous deep red flowers are present in axillary or terminal 30-60 flowered
compound racemes covered with a soft dark brown velvety hairs. The floral
density is more on the topmost and outer branches as compared to the lower and
inner branches. There is no floral bud dormancy and flora buds develop into
mature flowers in 10-15d. Flower opening and anther dehiscence is synchronous
and occur during night time between 22.00-24.00h. All the anthers in a flower
dehisce synchronously. Stigma which gets receptivity 3-4h before anthesis
remains so for about 48h. Pollen grains are large sized, 3-zonocolporate,
prolate spheroidal and are with reticulate exine. About 47,500-50,000 pollen
grains are produced in a single flower of which nearly 97% are apparently
viable. In vivo test studies reveal that pollen viability is only 4-6% after 14h
blooming, increases to 40% after 20h and reaches to a maximum of 60% after 38h.
Though pollen availability and stigmatic receptivity are synchoronous, selfing
in a flower is generally avoided due to herkogamy. The pollen are transferred
to the stigma through nectar seeking insects like honeybees (Apis mellifera)
and butterflies (Lampides boeticus, Catopsilia pomona) which carry pollen
grains on thorax and wings. On the basis of visiting rate, duration of visit
and pollen load, honeybee seems to be the major pollinator. The landing of
visitors on vexillum results into bending of keel under its weight exposing the
dehiscing anthers leading into nototribic deposition of pollen in honeybees and
stenotribic in butterflies. The species lacks agamospermy but has a better
reproductive success through geitonogamous mode.
Thursday, 2 January 2020
VARIATION IN ULTRASTRUCTURE OF IV VITRO AND IN VIVO GROWN BAMBOO (DENDROCALAMUS ASPER) LEAVES
Use of micropropagation in the production of
bamboo plants plays important role. Successful acclimatization is the key
factor for efficient and large scale production. For efficient hardening,
proper understanding of leaf surface structure is necessary because microshoots
developed in vitro have different morphology than in vivo, Scanning electron
microscopy was performed to compare the ultrastructural variation in leaves of
bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) grown in vitro and in vivo. Leaf samples were taken at four stages - in
vitro, unhardened, acclimatized and mother plant. Ultrastructural studies
revealed substantial differences in the morphology of in vitro grown plant and
mother plant but unhardened and acclimatized plants did not show much variation
from in vitro condition. Variation in the presence of stomata, trichomes, papillae
and prickle hairs was observed on abaxial and adaxial surface.
Wednesday, 1 January 2020
IN-VITRO REGENERATION AND CALLUS FORMATION FROM LEAVES OF A MEDICINAL PLANT, “SPONDIAS MANGIFERA” (L.)
Callus proliferation was studied on leaf of explant of
Spondias mangifera L. cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS)
supplemented with auxin (2, 4D, IBA, IAA and NAA) and cytokinin (BAP) alone or
in combination. Most suitable medium noted for shoot formation from leaves was BAP (2.5 ppm) in MS medium. Shoot
developed was rooted the best in MS medium with 0.5 ppm NAA.
Culture kept under various conditions of light and temperature to find
the suitable physical condition for the best growth.
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